CUPS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. CUPS (an acronym for Common Unix Printing System) is a modular printing system for Unix- like computer operating systems which allows a computer to act as a print server. A computer running CUPS is a host that can accept print jobs from client computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer. CUPS consists of a print spooler and scheduler, a filter system that converts the print data to a format that the printer will understand, and a backend system that sends this data to the print device. CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) as the basis for managing print jobs and queues. It also provides the traditional command line interfaces for the System V and Berkeley print systems, and provides support for the Berkeley print system's Line Printer Daemon protocol and limited support for the server message block (SMB) protocol. System administrators can configure the device drivers which CUPS supplies by editing text files in Adobe's Post.
Script Printer Description (PPD) format. There are a number of user interfaces for different platforms that can configure CUPS, and it has a built- in web- based interface.
CUPS is free software, provided under the GNU General Public License and GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 2. History. The first public betas appeared in 1. CUPS was quickly adopted as the default printing system for most Linux distributions. In March 2. 00. 2, Apple Inc. The print- data goes to a scheduler. Before CUPS, it was difficult to find a standard printer management system that would accommodate the very wide variety of printers on the market using their own printer languages and formats. For instance, the System V and Berkeley printing systems were largely incompatible with each other, and they required complicated scripts and workarounds to convert the program's data format to a printable format.
They often could not detect the file format that was being sent to the printer and thus could not automatically and correctly convert the data stream. Additionally, data conversion was performed on individual workstations rather than a central server. CUPS allows printer manufacturers and printer- driver developers to more easily create drivers that work natively on the print server. Processing occurs on the server, allowing for easier network- based printing than with other Unix printing systems. With Samba installed, users can address printers on remote Windows computers, and generic Post. Script drivers can be used for printing across the network.
Scheduler. A helper application (cups- lpd) converts Line Printer Daemon protocol (LPD) requests to IPP. The scheduler also provides a web- based interface for managing print jobs, the configuration of the server, and for documentation about CUPS itself. The client module is also responsible for executing external CGI programs as needed to support web- based printers, classes, and job status monitoring and administration. Applications can send requests to groups of printers in a class, allowing the scheduler to direct the job to the first available printer in that class. The configuration module will stop CUPS services during configuration file processing and then restart the service when processing is complete. The main module handles timeouts and dispatch of I/O requests for client connections, watching for signals, handling child process errors and exits, and reloading the server configuration files as needed.
It converts the print- job data into the final language/format of the printer via a series of filters. This converts the data to a format suitable for the printer. During start- up, the CUPS daemon loads two MIME databases: mime. CUPS can accept data for, and mime. MIME type. If the pattern above matches, then the filter system would mark the file as the MIME type text/html. This is also retrieved from mime. The cost field assists in the selection of sets of filters when converting a file.
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The last field, program, determines which filter program to use to perform the data conversion. If it is converted into Post.
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Script data an additional filter is applied called a prefilter, which runs the Post. Script data through another Post. Script converter so that it can add printer specific options like selecting page ranges to print, setting n- up mode and other device- specific things. Alternatively, it can be passed to Ghostscript, which converts the Post. Script into an intermediary CUPS- raster format. The default filters included with CUPS include: raster to PCLraster to ESC/P or ESC/P2 (an Epson printer language, now largely superseded by their new ESC/P- Raster format)raster to Dymo (another printer company). Zebra Programming Language or ZPL (a Zebra Technologies printer language)As of 2.
HPLIP (previously known as HP- IJS) provides Linux+CUPS drivers for HP printers, Gutenprint (previously known as Gimp- Print) is a range of high- quality printer drivers for (mostly) inkjet printers, and Turbo. Print for Linux has another range of quality printer drivers for a wide range of printers. Backends. There are several backends available for CUPS: parallel, serial, and USB ports, cups- pdf.
CUPS uses port 6. TCP and UDP), which is the standard IPP port, and optionally on port 5. Solaris. Service Management Facility, or xinetd which use the cups- lpd helper program to support LPD printing. When CUPS is installed the lp. System V printing system command and the lpr. Berkeley printing system commands are installed as compatible programs. This allows a standard interface to CUPS and allows maximum compatibility with existing applications that rely on these printing systems.
User interface tools. It replaced a previous version of printing support in KDE, qtcups and is backwards compatible with this module of KDE. KDEPrint includes a system to pre- filter any jobs before they are handed over to CUPS, or to handle jobs all on itself, such as converting files to PDF. These filters are described by a pair of Desktop/XML files. KDEPrint's main components include: a Print Dialog box, which allows printer properties to be modifieda Print Manager, which allows management of printers, such as adding and removing printers, through an Add Printer Wizarda Job Viewer/Manager, which manages printer jobs, such as hold/release, cancel and move to another printera CUPS configuration module (integrated into KDE)Mac OS X.
Earlier versions of Mac OS X also included a Printer Setup Utility, which supplied configuration options missing from earlier versions of the Print & Fax preference pane. It takes the approach of assigning a text file to describe each print queue. These 'Printer. Setup.
Files' may then be added to other text files called 'Printer. Setup. Lists'. This allows logical grouping of printers. This allowed adding printers via a user interface similar to the one Microsoft Windows uses, where a new printer could be added using an add new printer wizard, along with changing default printer- properties in a window containing a list of installed printers. Jobs could also be started and stopped using a print manager and the printer could be paused using a context menu that pops up when the printer icon is right- clicked. Eric Raymond criticised this system in his piece The Luxury of Ignorance.
Raymond had attempted to install CUPS using the Fedora Core 1 print manager but found it non- intuitive; he criticised the interface designers for not designing with the user's point- of- view in mind. He found the idea of printer queues was not obvious because users create queues on their local computer but these queues are actually created on the CUPS server. He also found the plethora of queue type options confusing as he could choose from between networked CUPS (IPP), networked Unix (LPD), networked Windows (SMB), networked Novell (NCP) or networked Jet. Direct. He found the help file singularly unhelpful and largely irrelevant to a user's needs. Raymond used CUPS as a general topic to show that user interface design on Linux desktops needs rethinking and more careful design. That is, the quality that every point in the interface has prompts and actions attached to it from which you can learn what to do next.
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This name was shortened to just . Retrieved July 1. Easy Software Products (press release). Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2.
Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2.
Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2.
Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products.
CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2.
Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual.
Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual.
Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2.
Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2. Easy Software Products. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved January 9, 2.
CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Retrieved April 2, 2.
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